Em linhas gerais, existe um largo consenso na filosofia contemporânea no que diz respeito a como as premissas de uma teoria da justiça devem ser compreendidas. De acordo com este consenso, a justiça só poderia ser alcançada por meio de princípios e da garantia de procedimentos jurídicos institucionalizados de enforcement de direitos fundamentais. Esse consenso em grande medida é decorrente de uma herança kantiana, que domina os debates de teoria da justiça. Uma das conseqüências dessa postura é a de que, (...) de forma geral, tanto a concretização intersubjetiva da justiça social, quanto a efetividade material das normas simplesmente não faz mais parte do debate e é relegada ao espaço político, quando não se encaixa em demandas judicializáveis. O objetivo do presente artigo é, através de uma metodologia de revisão bibliográfica, reconstruir a teoria da justiça de Axel Honneth, confrontá-la com o consenso kantiano do debate acadêmico e apresentá-la como uma tentativa de superar as limitações dessa concepção dominante. No presente artigo, portanto, o resultado principal a que se pretende chegar é o de demonstrar que Axel Honneth desenvolve uma concepção da justiça para além da tradição kantiana, colocando no centro de suas reflexões a temática da concretização da liberdade para além do direito e, para tanto, Honneth define como conceito principal de sua teoria da justiça o conceito de liberdade social. A conclusão principal da presente exposição é que o conceito de justiça de Axel Honneth é um conceito mais complexo e mais adequado para enfrentar os desafios contemporâneos de ética e de justiça do que aqueles vinculados a uma tradição kantina de abordagem do tema. (shrink)

The crucial problem the proposed paper tries to shed light upon is especially the link between the concept of recognition, dignity of human persons. These problems are analyzed from the perspective of a critical criminology. The thesis of the paper is that Axel Honneth’s work on recognition offers a fruitful framework to those who want to criticize functional approaches to criminal law, for those who want to develop a critical criminology and a negative foundation of the dignity of the human (...) person. The paper tries also to show that without recognition there is no possibility of having a healthy democratic process and therefore the main function of criminal law must be the protection of recognition-relationships. KEY WORDS – Recognition. Dignity of human persons. Criminology. (shrink)

"These essays explore the thought of critic and philosopher Theodor Adorno, the aesthetics of critic Walter Benjamin, and various aspects of modern critical theory. Among the topics are: the autonomy of art; art in an age of mechanical reproduction; and, emancipation and anti-Semitism." H.W. Wilson, Inc.

This article is a preliminary presentation of conjunctive paraconsistency, the claim that there might be non-explosive true contradictions, but contradictory propositions cannot be considered separately true. In case of true ‘p and not p’, the conjuncts must be held untrue, Simplification fails. The conjunctive approach is dual to non-adjunctive conceptions of inconsistency, informed by the idea that there might be cases in which a proposition is true and its negation is true too, but the conjunction is untrue, Adjunction fails. While (...) non-adjunctivism is a well-known option, the other view is not so much studied nowadays, but it was not unknown in the tradition, and there are some positive suggestions, in recent literature, that the position is plausible and deserves to be developed. The article compares conjunctivism, non-adjunctivism and dialetheism, then focuses on some possible justifications, costs and benefits of the conjunctive view. (shrink)

In his Lectures on the History of Philosophy, Hegel develops a subtle analysis of Megarian paradoxes: the Liar, the Veiled Man and the Sorites. In this paper, we focus on Hegel's interpretation of...

Legends and stories about fabulous races that dwelt in India or in Africa circulated in Iran probably since the Achaemenid times. Unfortunately, scholarship on this topic has neglected some late Iranian and, especially, Zoroastrian sources, such as Draxt ī āsūrīg, the Bundahišn, the Ayādgār ī Jāmāspīg, and the New Persian epic Šāhnāme. This article examines the aforementioned sources and discusses their accounts of five fabulous races from an Iranian, and especially Zoroastrian, perspective and through a comparative approach to some similar (...) neighboring traditions. (shrink)

Resumen: El presente trabajo intenta analizar los elementos críticos a la base de aquella suerte de prescripción que Edward Said formulara a los intelectuales bajo la célebre consigna de “decir las verdades al poder”, esto es, de interpelar públicamente al poder -político, económico, religioso, militar- frente a toda evidencia de injusticia, inconsistencia o turbia manipulación en su operar. En tanto tal, y a partir de nuestra lectura de Said, delimitamos cinco dilemas que el intelectual ha de resolver, en tanto requisitos (...) para decir las verdades al poder: orientación intramundana versus extramundana, rol profético versus sacerdotal, libertad universalista versus organicidad, racionalidad sustantiva versus instrumental y arrojo versus temor. Se comentan las implicaciones de estos dilemas a la luz de los desafíos y oportunidades que las sociedades contemporáneas -en particular, las latinoamericanas- presentan para el rol del intelectual.: This work analyzes the critical foundations of that quasi-rule posed by Edward Said to intellectuals through the famous motto “speaking truth to power”, that is, of publicly interpellating to power -political, economic, religious, military- whenever its exercise may involve injustice, inconsistency or underhanded manipulation. So, according to our interpretation of Said’s work, we identify five dilemmas the intellectual should resolve in order to be able to speak truth to power: a worldliness orientation versus an otherworldliness one, a prophetic role versus a priestly one, universalist freedom versus organic compromise, a substantive rationality versus an instrumental one, and courage versus fear. Involvements of these dilemmas are discussed according to the challenges and opportunities posed by current societies -in particular, the Latin American ones- to the intellectual’s role. (shrink)

Este artículo revisa el diálogo que Husserl establece con Humemientras reconstruye la génesis de la filosofía. Lo discutiréen dos partes: la primera se refiere a la “verdadera filosofía”y, la segunda, desarrolla una lectura fenomenológica delmétodo experimental de Hume. Intento explicar la evaluaciónambivalente que hace Husserl del proyecto de Hume, yproponer una manera en la que Hume pueda responder a suscríticas. Concluyo, más allá de Husserl, que Hume abrió uncamino promisorio para la fenomenología, que yo llamo una“fenomenología detrascendentalizada”.

El trabajo busca situar el análisis de los movimientos indígenas latinoamericanos dentro del desarrollo global del capitalismo y el sistema-mundo moderno, tratando de seguir una lectura decolonial de dichos procesos. Se postula que el neoliberalismo representa la encarnación actual de dicho sistema, pero que además simboliza un proyecto cultural que otorga criterios para el diseño de políticas de gobernabilidad en materia indígena. Se revisa la trayectoria actual de los movimientos indígenas en relación con las diferentes estrategias de gobernabilidad Estatal implementadas (...) en tres regiones latinoamericanas: Mesoamérica, los países Andinos y el Cono Sur. Finalmente se analiza el potencial transformador y contrahegemónico de los movimientos indígenas contemporáneos, en cuanto intentan renovar valores y significados culturales, cuestionar el sistema de relaciones de poder y promover una comprensión alternativa del desarrollo. (shrink)

This article exposes four arguments on the debate about the nature and conceptual range of social intervention, understanding it equally as action, interpretation, distinction and finally as a discursive dispositive. This debate has relevance for social sciences disciplines in which intervention notion has an important place in its theoretic-methodological structure. This review sets a counterpoint with technological perspectives that reduce intervention to action’s execution. In this way, there is a discussion about epistemic and ontological social sciences communities’ subordination in which (...) intervention is a hallmark. En este artículo se presentan cuatro argumentos expresados en el debate sobre la naturaleza y alcance conceptual de la intervención social, entendiéndola indistintamente como actuación, interpretación, distinción sistémica y finalmente como dispositivo discursivo. Este debate es relevante para disciplinas de las ciencias sociales en las que la noción de intervención ocupa un lugar importante en su configuración teórico-metodológica. La revisión de estas perspectivas establece un contrapunto con las perspectivas tecnológicas que sostienen que la intervención se reduce a la ejecución de acciones. De este modo, se discute la subordinación epistémica y ontológica de las comunidades de las ciencias sociales, en las cuales intervenir constituye su sello de identidad. (shrink)

1. The label conjunctive paraconsistency has been adopted to mean a consequence relation whereby ‘p and not p’ does not imply ‘p’ and ‘not p’ separately, so that Simplification in case of contradic...

Contents Introduction Detailed Content xx 1 Chapter 1. What is nihilism? Chapter 2. The epistemological Liar 21 Chapter 3. Unnatural certainties 43 Chapter ...

Stratified properties such as ‘happy unhappiness’, ‘ungrounded ground’, ‘fortunate misfortune’, and evidently ‘true falsity’ may generate dialetheias (true contradictions). The aim of the article is to show that if this is the case, then we will have a special, conjunctive, kind of dialetheia: a true state description of the form ‘Fa and not Fa’ (for some property F and object a), wherein the two conjuncts, separately taken, are to be held untrue. The particular focus of the article is on happy (...) unhappiness: people suffering from (or enjoying) happy unhappiness (if there is some situation or state of mind of this kind) cannot be truly said ‘happy’ or ‘unhappy’, but we can say they are both. In the first section three cases of conjunctive stratification are presented; in the second section the logic of stratified contradictions is explored. The last section focuses on eudemonistic ascriptions: stated that a is happy to be unhappy (or unhappy to be happy), should we say a is happy? unhappy? both? neither? (shrink)

The focus of this article is the notion of alethic rights, the rights related to truth. The concept of truth grounds many norms and customary and official rules, but there is no clear and shared idea about its power to generate specific rights. The juridical and political archetype called ‘the right to truth’ is still subject of controversies, and there are doubts about its being a real ‘right,’ to be protected by positive (new) norms. In the article the problem is (...) explored in truth-theoretical perspective: can philosophy support the idea of truth as a source of rights? Can an updated and well-developed theory of truth be proposed, to help activists and theorists concerned with the need for truth of individuals and communities? I present six alethic rights, corresponding to six different aspects of the human need for truth, then I specifically focus on the truth theory that can justify the hypothesis. (shrink)

Résumé — Cet article se propose de fournir une contribution au débat interprétatif sur le principe de la limitation de l’acte par la puissance dans la démonstration de l’infinité de Dieu de la Summa theologiae de Thomas d’Aquin à travers une enquête à caractère historique qui expose quelques-unes des étapes capitales de l’histoire de cette preuve. Le désaccord qui divise les interprètes contemporains à propos du rôle joué par le principe susdit hérite, en réalité, d’une opposition séculaire parmi les commentateurs (...) de Thomas qui remonte à la discussion qui suivit l’intervention de Tommaso de Vio et de Francesco Silvestri. D’autre part, l’incontestable présence chez certains commentateurs classiques de Thomas, Jean de Saint-Thomas in primis, d’une position qui sépare la preuve de la Summa du principe de la limitation de l’acte par la puissance réceptive, loin d’exprimer une orthodoxie par rapport à la tradition la plus ancienne, constitue un renversement par rapport à la lecture de Cajetan et de Silvestre de Ferrare, qui s’était affirmée comme l’interprétation canonique du texte de Thomas.— Questo articolo si propone di fornire un contributo al dibattito interpretativo sul principio della limitazione dell’atto attraverso la potenza nella dimostrazione dell’infinità di Dio nella Summa theologiae di Tommaso d’Aquino attraverso un’indagine di carattere storico che espone alcune delle tappe capitali della storia di questa prova. Il disaccordo che divide gli interpreti contemporanei sul ruolo giocato dal principio suddetto eredita, in realtà, un’opposizione secolare fra i commentatori di Tommaso che risale alla discussione che seguî gli interventi di Tommaso de Vio e di Francescio Silvestri. D’altra parte, la presenza, incontestabile, in alcuni commentatori classici di Tommaso, primo fra tutti Giovanni di san Tommaso, di una posizione che separa la prova della Summa dal principio della limitazione dell’atto attraverso la potenza recettiva, lungi dal configurarsi nei termini di una posizione ortodossa rispetto alla tradizione più antica, costituisce un ribaltamento della lettura di Cajetano e di Silvestro da Ferrare, che si era affermata come l’interpretazione canonica del testo di Tommaso. (shrink)

According to Descartes, vegetative and sensitive activities, which in the Aristotelian tradition were considered dependent on the soul, are pure effects of corporeal dispositions. What is, however, the relationship between this doctrine and Descartes’s metaphysical claim in the Meditations, namely, that the mind is the only cause of thought? In the Meditations, Descartes does not provide a doctrine of vegetative and sensitive functions, and he does not even establish the canonic Cartesian thesis that they are not dependent on the soul. (...) In claiming that the lowest functions cannot be attributed to the soul, the Second Meditation is not making an ontological point. Nevertheless, in spite of this, the Meditations teach us something very important about the lowest functions: that both vegetative and sensitive functions depend on the soul is not, and never will be, a necessarily true proposition. (shrink)

Is it possible truthfully to assert the non-existence of truth? It is a classical problem whose solution is still controversial. I present here an analysis of the sentence “there is no truth” (and its translations and paraphrases, such as “no proposition is true”, “every proposition is false”), with some remarks about its epistemological and ontological implications, and its consequences tor a general theory of reason.

La investigación humeana acerca de los principios de la moral parte de la pasión como motivo de la acción y al mismo tiempo pretende que su valoración ha de guiarse por la utilidad. Si bien son dos afirmaciones difíciles de combinar, la tesis del presente estudio es que la posibilidad de tender un puente entre la aspiración a la felicidad privada y el interés por el bienestar público está anclada, en su origen, en el sentimiento de benevolencia que el autor (...) descubre como principio original de la mente, pero logra sus efectos solamente en virtud de la fuerza de la simpatía y del espectáculo de la vida social y la conversación. Así, la moralidad -como posibilidad de realización de distinciones morales, de aprobar o censurar desde el punto devista del espectador- se articula y afina en el flujo incesante decontaminación y contagio de afecciones. (shrink)

Habermas (1968) na sua crítica à filosofia da tecnologia de Marcuse descreve que a sociedade hodierna está caracterizada pela denominada “Economia da Inovação”, que é o desenvolvimento do capitalismo em sua fase tardia, tendo como paradigma a crescente interdependência entre pesquisa e técnica, transformando a ciência na principal força produtiva deste modelo econômico. A cientificização da técnica permitiu aumentar a produtividade do trabalho inserindo dentro de um mesmo sistema ciência, técnica e valor econômico. Marx e Schumpeter, de acordo com Habermas, (...) já haviam sugerido cada um à sua maneira, que o modo de produção capitalista pode ser concebido como um mecanismo que garante uma propagação permanente dos subsistemas do agir racional-com-respeito-a-fins e, com isso, abala a "supremacia" tradicionalista do quadro institucional diante das forças produtivas. Tal complexidade transforma, assim, a inovação em vetor de exclusão social. Neste sentido, examina-se neste trabalho a inovação como problema filosófico e suas implicações em uma sociedade tecnológica conforme a análise habermasiana. (shrink)

À partir de conversations sous forme de tchats qui émanent d’une association qui lutte contre le suicide, nous nous intéresserons plus particulièrement aux conversations dont les appelants reviennent sur la plateforme (que nous nommerons poly appelants). Reprennent-ils leurs dires là où la conversation antérieure s’est arrêtée? Quels sont les éléments nouveaux dans le récit des participants? Comment le récit des appelants progresse-t-il au fil des (re)connections? quel(s) versant(s) de l’histoire personnelle est-il, sont-ils mobilisé(s)?

Tanto las últimas investigaciones realizadas en la realidad del liceo popular, como los últimos sucesos protagonizados por los estudiantes de nuestro país, develan la existencia de dos mundos que circulan separados dentro de un mismo espacio, la escuela: el mundo de los adultos y el mundo de los estudiantes. Se propone en la presente reflexión la creación de un círculo de comprensión, cuyo eje de sentido sea la confianza mutua entre jóvenes y adultos, confianza que es necesario construir a través (...) del lenguaje de la escucha. Es el propio sujeto, quien narrándose, se escucha, y escuchándose se comprende a sí mismo conectándose con el sentido de su vida escolar. (shrink)

Osteopotin is a secreted glycosylated phosphoprotein found in bone and other normal and malignant tissues. Osteopontin can be autophosphorylated on tyrosine residues and can also be phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues by several protein kinases. Autophosphorylation of osteopontin may generate sites for specific interactions with other proteins on the cell surface and/or within the extracelluar matrix. These interactions of osteopontin are thought to be essential for bone mineralization and function. The polyaspartic acid motif of osteopontin, in combination with neighboring (...) sequences that include serine residues phosphorylated by protein kinases, could fold and assemble into a molecular structure that participates in the mineralization of the bone matrix. (shrink)

The central thesis of JC Beall’s paraconsistent Christology is that Christ, being human and divine, is a contradictory being, and a rational Christology can accept it, since logic nowadays does not exclude the possibility of true contradictions. In this paper, I move from Beall’s theory and I present an alternative view. I quote seven statements of the so-called ‘Athanasian Creed’ which synthesizes the results of conciliar Christology. The aim of the Creed is to combat monophysitism by stressing the duplicity and (...) unity of Christ: two (incompatible) natures inseparably joined in only one person. I note that the two-in-one principle, so intended, may be seen as an ancestor of what has been called ‘conjunctive paraconsistency’, whereby there could be true contradictions but contradictories cannot be separately true. I specifically oppose this view to Beall’s idea of Christ’s human divinity (or divine humanity) as a glut, showing that in the conjunctive account, true contradictions do not require any overlapping or joint ascription of truth and falsity. (shrink)

Suppose a person blushes iff what she says is false and she says: ‘I am blushing’. If she blushes, she doesn’t, and if she doesn’t, she does. This Blushing Liar is a new paradox, similar in some respects to the Pinocchio Paradox : Pinocchio’s nose grows iff he says some falsity, and he says: ‘my nose is growing’. Both paradoxes involve physical properties, and both, supposedly, confirm the existence of metaphysical dialetheias. In the paper, we note first that while PP (...) relies on the rather implausible scenario of a wooden puppet whose nose grows iff he is lying, so it is debunked by the objection of fictionality, BL is more plausible. Many people in our world blush, and it is not difficult to imagine someone whose saying is causally related to blushing in a similar way. A second question is whether blushing can be directly connected to falsity, without deliberate conscience, on the part of the speaker, of saying a false statement. So we explore the consequences of intending ‘I am blushing’ as a ‘lie’, in the strict meaning of the term, and we claim there is no substantial difference, but for the fact that the paradoxical effect is even more plausible. Third, we check whether BL and PP do really release metaphysical dialetheias, and we argue they do not: they lack the fundamental requisite of Liar-like contradictions, i.e. the stratification of properties. (shrink)

Este artigo discute as repercussões da inclusão escolar de pessoas com deficiência no impresso periódico pedagógico Nova Escola, hegemônico entre os periódicos do gênero. Tomou-se como recorte temporal o período delimitado entre 2001-2011, por evidenciar as manifestações e efeitos desse fenômeno nas páginas do periódico durante o período de configuração da proposta brasileira de Educação Especial na perspectiva inclusiva. Foram compiladas as reportagens sobre o assunto publicadas por Nova Escola nesse período, problematizadas pela análise temática do conteúdo, à luz de (...) proposições teóricas marxistas. Os resultados indicaram duas tendências nas tematizações de Nova Escola sobre inclusão escolar de estudantes com deficiência, sendo a primeira delas (2001-2006) pautada no lema do aprender a viver juntos, reforçando o caráter de interatividade “acolhedora” e “privilegiada” da suposta inclusão, com a predominância do estabelecimento de vínculos interpessoais na escola. A segunda (2007-2011) enfatizou a necessidade de uma “inclusão que ensinasse” os conteúdos escolares aos alunos com deficiência, sintetizada no slogan do aprender de verdade. Ambas as tendências, porém, estiveram alinhadas com a ideologia neoliberal e ao senso comum pedagógico, sendo necessário perspectivar outras possibilidades. Palavras-chave: Imprensa pedagógica. Escola inclusiva. Neoliberalismo. School inclusion in review (2001 to 2011): the discursive (re)formulations of the Nova Escola periodical Abstract: This article discusses the repercussions of school inclusion of people with disabilities in the educational periodical Nova Escola, which is hegemonic among journals of its kind. The period delimited between 2001-2011 was taken as a time frame, as it highlights the manifestations and effects of this phenomenon on the pages of the journal during the period of configuration of the Brazilian proposal for Special Education in an inclusive perspective. Reports on the subject published by Nova Escola during this period were compiled, discussed by thematic content analysis, in the light of Marxist theoretical propositions. The results indicated two trends in Nova Escola thematizations about school inclusion of students with disabilities, the first of which (2001-2006) based on the motto of learning to live together, reinforcing the character of “welcoming” and “privileged” interactivity of the supposed inclusion, with the predominance of the establishment of interpersonal bonds at school. The second (2007-2011) emphasized the need for an “inclusion that would teach” school content to students with disabilities, summarized in the slogan of real learning. Both trends, however, were aligned with neoliberal ideology and pedagogical common sense, making it necessary to look at other possibilities. Key-words: Pedagogical press. Inclusive school. Neoliberalism. Inclusión escolar en revisión (2001 a 2011): las (re)formulaciones discursivas de la revista Nova Escola Resumen: Este artículo analiza las repercusiones de la inclusión escolar de las personas con discapacidad en la revista educativa Nova Escola, hegemónica entre las revistas de este tipo. Se tomó como marco temporal el período delimitado entre 2001-2011, ya que destaca las manifestaciones y efectos de este fenómeno en las páginas de la revista durante el período de configuración de la propuesta brasileña de Educación Especial en perspectiva inclusiva. Se recopilaron informes sobre el tema publicados por Nova Escola durante este período, discutidos mediante análisis de contenido temático, a la luz de propuestas teóricas marxistas. Los resultados indicaron dos tendencias en las temáticas de Nova Escola sobre inclusión escolar de estudiantes con discapacidad, la primera de las cuales (2001-2006) se basó en el lema de aprender a vivir juntos, reforzando el carácter supuestamente “acogedor” y “privilegiado” de interactividad, inclusión, con predominio del establecimiento de vínculos interpersonales en la escuela. El segundo (2007-2011) enfatizó la necesidad de una “inclusión que enseñe” contenidos escolares a estudiantes con discapacidad, resumida en el lema de aprendizaje real. Sin embargo, ambas tendencias estaban alineadas con la ideología neoliberal y el sentido común pedagógico, por lo que era necesario buscar otras posibilidades. Palabras clave: Prensa pedagógica. Escuela inclusiva. Neoliberalismo. Data de registro: 20/08/2021 Data de aceite: 19/01/2022. (shrink)